Future feed resources in sustainable salmonid production: A review

Aquaculture is one of the most resource-efficient and sustainable ways to produce animal protein. The Food Agriculture Organization predicts that cultivated aquatic species will provide around 53% world's seafood supply by 2030. Further growth intensive farmed may be limited a shortage feed resources. aquaculture sector therefore needs intensify its search for alternative ingredients based on renewable natural A significant increase in production require an accelerated transition technology systems, better use available resources, development high-quality resources exploitation space. present review discusses urgent need identify appropriate future salmonid production. We describe evaluate promising marine ingredients, including low-trophic (mesopelagic fish, zooplankton, polychaetes, macroalgae crustaceans), novel microbial (bacteria, yeast microalgae), insects (black soldier fly, yellow meal worm crickets), by-products (poultry meal, meat bone blood hydrolysed feather meal) from other commercial productions (trimmings blood). Furthermore, we discuss volumes new processing technologies refining methods ensure nutritionally healthy ingredients. essential steps considerations safe are also discussed.